Knowledge is the Ultimate Asset
Bidburg Academy provides the scholarly foundation required to navigate the highest echelons of the global art market.
Scholarly
The Glossary
A definitive A-Z of the global auction industry.
- Hammer Price→
- Premium & Reserved→
- Provenance Analysis→
- White Glove Sales→
- Condition Gradings→
Scholarly
Authentication Guides
Vetted methods for identifying authenticity & quality.
- 18th Century Hallmarks→
- Philatelic Watermarking→
- Brushwork in Old Masters→
- Swiss Movement ID→
- Jadeite Spectroscopy→
Scholarly
The Legal Framework
Navigating international art law and logistics.
- AML & KYC for Dealers→
- Cycades & Export Rules→
- Restitution of Cultural Property→
- Tax-Free Freeports→
- Insurance Valuation→
Hallmarks & Signatures
Silver Hallmarks
- 84 Zolotnik (Russian)
- Sterling .925 (British)
- Minerve (French)
- 800 (German)
View Guide
Porcelain Marks
- Meissen Crossed Swords
- KPM Scepter
- Gardner St. George
- Sevres Interlaced Ls
View Guide
Gold Standards
- 56 Zolotnik
- 18 Karat (750)
- 24 Karat (999)
- Swiss Duck Head
View Guide
Fine Art Signatures
- Cyrillic Monograms
- Dated Verso
- Estate Stamps
- Foundry Marks
View Guide
Artist Index by Country
Russia
- Aivazovsky, Ivan
- Chagall, Marc
- Kandinsky, Wassily
- Malevich, Kazimir
- Repin, Ilya
- Serov, Valentin
- Shishkin, Ivan
View All Russia →
France
- Cezanne, Paul
- Degas, Edgar
- Gauguin, Paul
- Monet, Claude
- Renoir, Pierre-Auguste
- Rodin, Auguste
- Toulouse-Lautrec, Henri
View All France →
Italy
- Boccioni, Umberto
- Caravaggio
- Da Vinci, Leonardo
- Michelangelo
- Modigliani, Amedeo
- Raphael
- Titian
View All Italy →
Germany
- Dürer, Albrecht
- Ernst, Max
- Kiefer, Anselm
- Kirchner, Ernst Ludwig
- Richter, Gerhard
View All Germany →
USA
- Basquiat, Jean-Michel
- Hopper, Edward
- O'Keeffe, Georgia
- Pollock, Jackson
- Warhol, Andy
View All USA →
United Kingdom
- Bacon, Francis
- Constable, John
- Hirst, Damien
- Hockney, David
- Turner, J.M.W.
View All United Kingdom →
Curated in Collaboration with
Courtauld Institute
NYU Art Business
Sotheby's Institute
The Getty Research
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